12. a) Identify the natural vegetation associated with the photograph you have selected. (1mark)

Response:

Photograph A (Any one of the following:)

- desert -xerophytes -cactus

Photograph B (Any one of the following:)

- tropical rain forest - broadleaf evergreen - selva - equatorial forest

b) Identify the name of the soil associated with the natural vegetation in the photograph you have selected. (1 mark)

Response:

Photograph A (Any one of the following:)

- sierozem (desert)

Photograph B (Any one of the following:)

- laterite - latosol (tropical red earth)

c) Describe one way that the natural vegetation has adapted to the climate. (1 mark)

Response:

Photograph A (Any one of the following:)

- deep roots (groundwater) - water storage capability (cells, trunks) - surface roots for absorbing water after a rain before it evaporates - thin rubbery leaves, thick bark, wax coating to reduce transpiration

Photograph B (Any one of the following:)

- driptips - epiphytes - evergreen due to climate - light tolerant undergrowth - tall trees successfully compete for sunlight - broadleaf for transpiration and photosynthesis - buttress roots to keep out of moisture and support shallow roots for nutrients - smooth bark to prevent insect infestation and to shed moisture

d) State one major threat to the biome. (1 mark)

Response: Photograph A (Any one of the following:)

- soil erosion - overgrazing - flash floods - invader species - urban encroachment - farming marginal lands - recreational development - desert expansion/desertification - wild fire, brush fire

Photograph B (Any one of the following:)

- mining - resettlement - dam construction - road construction - logging for hardwoods - removal for agriculture - removal of flora for pharmaceuticals - deforestation, clearcutting - cutting for fuel